how is frankenstein a romantic novel? the role of nature and supernatural elements in shaping the narrative

Frankenstein, often considered a gothic horror novel, does indeed possess romantic elements that significantly contribute to its narrative depth and thematic richness. One could argue that the novel’s exploration of the sublime, the sublime’s relationship with the supernatural, and the portrayal of nature as both a source of beauty and a threat, all align it more closely with the Romantic literary tradition than initially meets the eye.

The Romantic movement, which flourished during the late 18th and early 19th centuries, celebrated the individual imagination, the power of nature, and the importance of emotion over reason. In “Frankenstein,” Mary Shelley masterfully weaves these Romantic ideals into her narrative. The character of Victor Frankenstein himself embodies many of the Romantic hero traits. He is driven by an intense passion for knowledge, akin to the Romantic belief in the value of individual genius. His ambition to create life through scientific means mirrors the Romantic fascination with the potential for human progress and the exploration of the unknown.

Moreover, the depiction of nature in “Frankenstein” is crucial to understanding its Romantic undertones. Nature is not merely a backdrop but a central element that influences the characters’ emotions and decisions. The novel opens with a description of the Alps, setting the tone for the awe-inspiring yet dangerous landscape that will play a significant role throughout the story. Victor’s journey from the mountains to his laboratory symbolizes his quest for transcendence and his ultimate fall from grace. This journey is further underscored by his creation of the monster, who embodies the fears and anxieties associated with the sublime—both beautiful and terrifying. The monster’s encounter with the “sublime” Lake Geneva during his initial escape is a pivotal moment that highlights the dual nature of nature as both a source of inspiration and a force of destruction.

Furthermore, the supernatural elements in “Frankenstein” add another layer to the Romantic theme. The presence of the monster itself can be seen as a manifestation of the uncanny, a concept central to Romanticism. The monster represents the fear of the unknown and the irrational aspects of the human psyche. It challenges the rationalist view of the world, encouraging readers to consider the role of intuition and emotion in human experience. The monster’s tragic fate also resonates with the Romantic ideal of the fallen angel, a figure who has been corrupted by circumstances beyond their control.

In conclusion, while “Frankenstein” may seem to adhere more closely to the Gothic genre, its exploration of nature, the sublime, and supernatural elements firmly places it within the Romantic tradition. Through these elements, Shelley crafts a narrative that not only entertains but also provokes deep reflection on the human condition and our relationship with the natural world.